To put it simply, electronic signature or esignature is a broad term referring to any electronic process that indicates acceptance of an agreement or a record. Pdf tamperresistant storage techniques for multimedia. This will enable strong forms of software licensing and intellectual property protection on portable as well as desktop computing systems. This paper survey s five implemented tamperresistant storage systems that use.
Common softwareprotection systems attempt to detect malicious observation and modification of protected applications. Security access system energy harvesting smart label. Pdf assuring that a given code is faithfully executed with defined. Not surprisingly, many successful breaks of commercial trs systems found their. Using encryption to secure a 7 series fpga bitstream. Antitamper software or tamperresistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. Software security aims to avoid security vulnerabilities by addressing security from the early stages of software development life cycle. An approach to the objective and quantitative evaluation. Hashing techniques compute hash val ues of code fragments and include checks in the program that com pare these hash values with the predened values.
What is needed, in this case, is tamper resistant software 2. Apple tries to patent tamperresistant software cnet. Is there a way we can determine the level of protection provided by the different types of integrity checks. Horowitz from architectural support for programming languages and operating systems asplosix.
Tamper resistant software encoding cloakware corporation. Protecting the reliability of software platforms, particularly in unmanaged customer computing systems is a tough task. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cryptographic hashing is a second main approach for making code more tamper resistant. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program monitoring brian blietz, akhilesh tyagi dept. Whats the difference between certificatebased digital signatures and esignatures.
Xilinx bitstream writer, using aes, encrypts the bitstream. An incorrect value causes the program to stop working properly. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, this intermediate code is then encoded to be tamperresistant by the middle compiler 34 of the invention to make the desired areas of the input software tamperresistant. The article deals with the problems of tamper resistant software. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamperdetection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. Scalable architectural support for trusted software. Different obfuscation techniques for code protection. Pdf tamperresistant storage techniques for multimedia systems. With the check and guard system or the branchbased technique strength can be. This paper describes a technology for the construction of tamper resistant software.
Haubert et al 12 provide a survey of tamperresistant storage techniques and identify security challenges and technology gaps for multimedia storage sys tems. The use of softwarebased integrity checks in software. Evaluation of whether the design and implementation follow sound, generally accepted engineering practices. Tamperresistant devices or features are common on packages to deter package or product tampering. This paper addresses one aspect of software tamper resistanceprevention of static analysis of programs. Some tamperresistant techniques provide software immutability, but others. Software security is the idea of engineering software so that it continues to function correctly under malicious attack. Most approaches in practice today involve securing the software after its been built. Data integrity is an assurance that data has not been modi. Tampering occurs when an attacker makes unauthorized changes to a computer software program such as overcoming password access, copy protection or timeout algorithms. There are many ways to realize tamperresistant software including the method of making software hard to read. This feature allows you to encrypt your bitstream using 256bit aes encryption in cipher block chaining cbc mode. Apple tries to patent tamperresistant software as company prepares to shift to intelbased hardware, it files to protect method of securing code to specific hardware. Tamper resistant software through intent protection.
Selfchecking software tamper resistance mecha nisms employing. Tamper resistant designs with xilinx virtex6 and 7 series fpgas ref 5 provide a good background on the various security threats and solutions for fpgas. Intuitively, we cannot guarantee a piece of software to be fully tamperresistant, but we can fail the execution of tampered software. You cant spray paint security features onto a design and expect it to become secure. Extensive research has been devoted to the development of. A generic attack on checksummingbased software tamper resistance. Begin building an incremental strength evaluation scheme for software tamper resistance techniques. Call a function to write to the unique identifier to the pipe that the mprocess. A tentative approach to constructing tamperresistant. A general software tampering objective is to enable replicating the tampering on other machines.
The total size of the lookup tables is in the order of hundreds of kilobytes. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program. Practical experiences on nfc relay attacks with android. Mobile agent applications have motivated much of the research in code protection overall and our work speci. Authenticate boot software key storage for encrypted firmware secure firmware update node authentication use prestored cert or hash to authenticate without cloud connection cloud authentication use pki structure for mutual authentication tamper resistant host processor secure element memory cloud wireless module. Proven highsecure and tamperresistant microcontroller in the device. Is there hope for strictly softwarebased techniques. Pdf enhancing software tamperresistance via stealthy. A survey on software protection techniques against various attacks. The paper then presents an architecture and implementation of tamper resistant software based on. So far, no objective and quantitative method is known for evaluating tamperresistant software. In such situations, malicious users can analyze software programs distributed over a network and extract secret information andor proprietary algorithms from them. Single active cee model a model where the device only activates one cee at a time. Watermarking, tamperproofing, and obfuscation school of.
The 16th ieee international symposium on highperformance computer. We create a mechanism, where code stored on disk or other media can be made so that it can only be executed, but cannot be read or modi. Evaluation of the risk that a user can escalate his or her capabilities beyond those authorized. The options are mutually exclusive and therefore only one hard or xists at one time. Technical report cstr5041, university of maryland, department of computer science, jan. Consequently realization of software with software obfuscation, which transforms a program into a tamperresistant form.
Mark horowitz, architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software, acm sigarch computer. Tamperresistant software trs consists of two functional components. There exists a wide range of tamper resistance methodolo gies. Upon tamper detection, antihacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure, rendering the application unusable or troublesome. Developing tamperresistant designs with ultrascale and. Our working example is the uk card payment system, chip and pin, which is an implementation of emv the europay, mastercard and visa protocol suite 23. Such a response is designed to complicate attacks, but has also caused problems for developers and end users, particularly when bugs or other. Tamper resistance ranges from simple features like screws with special drives, more complex devices that render themselves inoperable or encrypt all data transmissions between individual chips, or use of materials needing special tools and knowledge. Towards a formal model for software tamper resistance cosic.
Pdf software tampering detection using aop and mobile code. Software security is a systemwide issue that involves both building in security mechanisms and designing the system to be robust. In operation, the tamperresistant encoding technique of the invention will work much like a compiler from the users point of view, although the internal operations are very different. Physical reader security, tamper and supervisor features application note an0112, rev b. Abstract although there have been attempts to develop code transformation that yield tamperresistant software, no. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information and cyber security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure. Us6779114b1 us09377,312 us37731299a us6779114b1 us 6779114 b1 us6779114 b1 us 6779114b1 us 37731299 a us37731299 a us 37731299a us 6779114 b1 us6779114 b1 us 6779114b1 authority. Software development aosd techniques to implement softwaretampering. Section 8 and 9 present our implementation and experimental results. Tool 1, which is run by the creator of the program in which the ivk is to be. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software. An implementation david aucsmith, ial abstract this. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software david lie chandramohan thekkath mark mitchell patrick lincoln dan boneh john mitchell mark horowitz computer systems laboratory stanford university stanford ca 94305 abstract. All above functions can be easy implemented in the software code, but the must be.
Tamper resistant software is software that is resistant to analysis and modification. You can supply a 128bit initial vector and 256bit key, or let the software choose a random key. A hardwaresoftware system for memory trace oblivious computation. Tamper resistance mechanisms for secure embedded systems. The software tamperresistance technique presented in this paper is an application of whitebox cryptography in the sense that the. In private and authenticated tamperresistant ptr environments,1 an additional requirement is that an adversary should be unable to obtain any information about software and data within the environment by tampering with, or otherwise observing, system op. This enables to a certain extent and within bounds to trust that the software operates properly even. Our premise is that intelligent tampering attacks require knowledge of the program semantics, and this knowledge may be acquired through static analysis.
Introduction xilinx has been at the forefront of providing fpga at solutions to their customers for many generations. Tamper resistance is the set of methodologies for protecting software or. If the same level of tamperresistance is achieved in software as in device, both a maker and a user of tamperresistant soft. It presents a threat model and design principles for countering a defined subset of the threat.
Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software by dr. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant. Tamperresistant software has been studied as techniques to protect algorithm or secret data. The mobile os is the software platform on top of which other programs, called applications, can run on mobile devices. Authenticated storage using small trusted hardware hsinjung yang, victor costan, nickolai zeldovich, and srinivas devadas. Theft of service attacks on service providers satellite tv, electronic meters, access cards, software protection dongles access. Sensitive api an api which shall be protected from malicious use. Support nfc card emulation, reader writer and peertopeer modes. To support copy and tamperresistant software, we propose a set of processor extensions, which are called xom, pronounced zom, an acronym for executeonly memory. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 why do we need hardware security. And software obfuscation has been vigorously studied so far. The present invention relates generally to computer software, and more specifically, to a method and system of making computer software resistant to tampering and reverseengineering. Integrating rfid into manufacturing processes and systems. N datafragments are generated during a write, one for each storage node, and.
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